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Role Of The Precautionary Principle In The Conservation (Chapter 2)

The Assignment Writing

Report on Role Of The Precautionary Principle In The Conservation

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The Application Of The Precautionary Principle In The Conservation And Sustainable Use Of Marine Biodiversity

Fishery management

There is a direct relationship between the sustainable development of fishing and he is interested in the management & nbsp; to inform. In 1988, the 94th Session of FAO Council agreed that sustainable development is the management and conservation of natural resource bases. It also leads to positioning 's technological and institutional changes in a specific way to ensure that meets and continues to meet relevant human needs for future . current and future generations. Strategies are also needed to achieve the sustainability of high levels of human use of renewable natural resources, moreover, is not even easy to trust and use. There is also a growing need to improve conventional fisheries management of and this should be linked to the growing concern of for better management of environmental issues. This was developed by the World Conference on the Human Environment and Fisheries Development and Management. It also indicates that the current state of fisheries is due to poor management by the competent authorities. Thus, it has also been determined that in natural ecosystems the abundances of predators and predators and their variations are controlled and maintained within a compatible limit . on the sustainability of the ecosystem. Therefore, in this regard, it can be said that the concept of the precautionary principle aims to improve the conservation of the environment and of the available resources by reducing the risk of harming them. . In addition, it also intends to promote and find a fair balance in the short term, against the current degradation of the environment and overfishing. includes two fundamental principles such that it reinforces the need to protect the environment but also intends to encourage the obstacle corresponding to potential risks. The other, however, is worried about wiping out risks. From now on, it is clear that the application of this principle in fishing came about in response to the vision of condition concerning resources and inefficiencies that justify the sustainability of the fishing industry. activity ..

Tropical reefs

CMouth coral reefs can be characterized as one of the most biologically rich ecosystems on earth, which help provide food, employment, money and security to people around the world. However, appropriate action must be taken, or the reefs and stunning creatures could be a danger as soon as it emerges. They can be threatened by a growing range of influences in the form of pollution, 4,444 diseases and possibly also global climate change. At the same time, it has also been observed that early engagement of these aspects can reduce the loss of valuable ancient ecosystems with significant social, economic and environmental consequences. around the world. For example, the President of the United States established Coral Reef Task Force in 1998 with the purpose of protecting and conserving coral reefs. CRTF is obligated to carry out mapping and monitoring missions of coral reefs in the United States, further assisting research related to the causes of reef degradation . This also includes pollution and overfishing and in addition , it also finds solutions to these problems. In addition, it also promotes the conservation of the good use of coral reefs. NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) is a senior member of the CRTF; it is therefore responsible for the conservation of 4,444 coral reef ecosystems. All efforts are made through Coral Reef Conservation Program which works with scientific, governmental and non-governmental organization to achieve CRTF goals. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration also used high-resolution satellite imagery and global positioning satellite technologies to help create a digital map of the reefs of Puerto Rico. . It also uses satellite technology to detect harmful algal blooms that have the potential to extinguish coral reefs and on top of that, it monitors rising sea surface temperatures. high can cause coral bleaching . The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration acts as a safeguard through which biodiversity can be managed and maintained. It also facilitates monitoring of coral reefs using the Reef Early Warning System consisting of buoys deployed at reef sites to measure air temperature, wind speed and direction, atmospheric pressure. , sea temperature and tide level. However, in addition to the monitoring process mentioned above, it also supports the research, assessment and implementation of reef restoration projects in marine protected areas and on the deep sea reefs..

Additionally, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is also working to remove tons of marine debris from the Northwest Hawaiian Islands and restore damaged coral reefs. Based on the discussion, it can be said that monitoring, research as well as rehabilitation of is imperative for the protection of coral reefs. However, for optimal protection, legal mechanisms also need to be followed. On the legal level, it is about the establishment of marine protected areas as it adds the force of law (protected marine encirclement). This is an important part of the reef system that can also improve the ecosystem's chance of survival .

Marine reserves

Marine Protected Areas indicate areas where 4,444 human activities lead to population reductions directly or indirectly through 4,444 habitat changes. This eliminates the risks to a greater extent. This spatially clear approach helps manage human influences, which have many potential ecological and socioeconomic benefits . This can raise the issue of the need for accepted management practices; therefore, it can benefit common practices. Precautionary principles have been developed for conservation and management of because they include models related to random design, implementation, performance, and judgment . This often produces contradictory and contradictory evidence from both an ecological and evaluative point of view. & Nbsp; Example: - lack of sufficient scientific certainty about the species of marine life which are threatened with extinction and which are also more threatened than the species associated with marine ecosystems. In this regard, the governing bodies have established the establishment of marine protected areas, which are one of the tools that work to protect the integrity of marine ecosystems and biodiversity. On the other hand, also supports the protection and recovery of endangered marine species through the application of the precautionary principle. It also acts as a management strategy protecting the value of marine life. Additional protection of ecosystems through the principle of prevention may be threatened Endangered species are also protected by various other strategies. Apparently 4,444 threatened species include three categories of extinct and threatened species, of which 4,444 marine species are more at risk. The application of the principles of prevention in this area of ​​concern as a process of implementation of the MPA and this also protects threatened species, assesses the potential risks in the management of these areas and species. It also involves analyzing some of the factors that create and manage the other 4,444 domains. It also emphasizes some common management practices ; it can therefore replace other practices. The challenges are many for 4,444 managers as well as conservation scientists and economists. One of the major challenges facing managers is to promote consensus among stakeholders on the system proposed by the AMP. It also prepared 4,444 national action plans for species conservation and restoration. At the same time, 4,444 specific policies are also being developed to protect and restore species, and 4,444 are authorized for potentially or effective polluting activities. Therefore, it can be said that the application of the precautionary principle to the conservation of biodiversity and marine natural resources constitutes one of the basic tools in the direction of sustainable development. It also provides guidance for the operation and management of the when responding to risk and uncertainty. Thus, it can be said that in collaboration with the federal government and the courts of first instance, this regulation was drawn up as a precautionary principle for the conservation of marine protected areas. Given the natural acceptability of this population and the communities of coastal marine species, the spread of reproductive propagules is important for marine conservation, which also contributes to enhancing the value of the ecosystem. In addition, many species have a limited dispersal capacity. Thus, it is clear that many species have a limited dispersal capacity of species, which also suggests that local populations of species with large dispersal capacities may recover to some extent. Coastal Marine Protected Areas In general, MPAs are known for areas for which preventive protection and restoration measures have been established to protect and preserve the species that exist in the ecosystems, habitats, ecosystems and ecosystems procedural aspects of the marine environment. In this context, OSPAR Ministers agreed to this to encourage the development of the network protecting marine areas and it also follows schedule leading up to the preparatory work. This is typically set up to develop an ecologically coherent MPA network in the Northeast Atlantic also appropriately managed by the OSPAR network. This organization was established with the aim of protecting, conserving and restoring species, habitats and ecological processes that may encounter problems related to human activities. It also helps to prevent degradation and damage to species, ecological habits and processes taking into account the precautionary principle. This also protects and conserves areas that represent the diverse habitats present in environments especially in maritime areas. Progress has been made by the ongoing Parties, which also identify, select and establish MPAs as the main mechanisms of the OSPAR network. This was included in the latest online progress report, which also includes a framework outlining the network. There are a number of laws developed by government agencies that are also intended to be followed. The Precautionary Principle and this was generally followed in the global regulatory framework in the mid-1980s. It also indicates that Principle is useful in providing guidance on the conduct of international studies . economic uncertainty, when 'There is also scientific uncertainty . At the same time, it is also reflected in Principle 15 of the Rio Declaration , and also presents a number of threats that could even cause adverse effects on the environment. This could therefore be used as a factor delaying important efficiency measures in terms of protecting the environment from certain harmful aspects. The standards are also helpful in suggesting that appropriate measures should be taken with scientific evidence so that they can protect significantly from environmental damage. In this area, the preventive approach has been applied because it is based on the relation that includes promising means to support the protection of the environment in different aspects. Therefore, it also states that before implementing any plan, evidence should be considered for adverse effects. It also shows that 4,444 precautionary principles are often applied in order to

National sanctuaries

Protecting the environment and national protected areas is essential to be protected and to do so, the government has established a number of laws and regulatory requirements which also provide protection measures to improve the quality of the environment. In concurrently, the government enacted the Environmental Protection Management Act which was developed with the aim of improving aspects of sustainable development, an important aspect of the ecosystem . In the context In this regard, we can say that the principle of prevention is essential because it helps to achieve the development of environmental aspects. It is also established that if there are threats that could damage the environment, it could affect the set of environment values. This also shows that there is scientific certainty that plays an important role in adopting new measures to protect the degradation of environmental aspects. Although the EPA is practical and is also primarily concerned with the challenges associated with pollution in water treatment. Therefore, does not have broad authority to engage in regulatory policy adopted by other organizations and agencies in the environmental context. Section is also mentioned in the Environmental Management Protection Act, that organizations can give specific instructions to public bodies and private councils (which work in this area ). ) so that they can perform certain actions according to the powers they have. It will also help to contribute to the protection of the environment and at the same time it can also reduce any activities which may harm the value of the environmental aspects. Therefore, it is also analyzed that environmental protection includes activities related to the protection, restoration and maintenance of ecologically sustainable development. It also provides information about EPA which needs some negotiating and negotiating power as well as those environmental sources and agencies with which it may be more involved. Speaking of activities, it can be said that although the EPA has become increasingly active in the field of biodiversity conservation through the involvement of in the protection of waterways and the authorization, so far it has not shown that was inclined to participate. . in terms of biodiversity conservation on 4,444 private lands. For example, in the Leatch v National Parks and Wildlife service 81 LGERA 270 Stein J made it clear that not specifically incorporating Principle into law is not the end of the matter. In this case , the principle of legal precaution is not applicable by virtue of the principle necessary for eco-sustainable development, however, the principle is flexible enough to accommodate it. The case also involves a third party appeal for the purpose of issuing permits to limit endangered species that often destroy existing habitat in the ecosystem. The Hedging Principles appear to provide a regulatory framework that takes into account the impact of uncertainty. In , it is also responsible for providing advice on actions that may pose a serious risk to the environment or human health aspects. This suggests a lack of scientific certainty usually indicates harm. At the same time, Principle also presents a formalized procedure for delaying action until damages become certain and at the same time, this usually means delay. In this context, it can be said that preventive measure becomes accurate at a time when threats are present to the environment and when the formulation of specific policies does not exist while correcting them. change aspects of the environment. On the other hand, however, a certain formula provides additional guidance, also covering some aspects where changes the value of the precaution. Along with this, a science-based risk assessment can also be considered important because it is an important aspect that is used in the field of prevention. Precautionary requirements are developing at a time when certain threats to the environment exist; however, one also notes that this aspect of the precautionary principle is not as important. It is also limited to irreparable damage, of which there is no protection clause and it only states the necessary condition lacks scientific certainty. It should therefore not be seen as an aspect which results in obligations which are also profitable in nature..

Marine Parks

The Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 has been helpful in providing disclosure and management of Commonwealth Reserves. This is also published under the EPBC Act which covers Commonwealth land reserves such as national parks, botanical reserves and nature reserves . Statutory rights are also defined. is entitled to assist in the management and control of Commonwealth Reserve functions under the EPBC Act . Practices often include the protection and management of aspects of biodiversity in the protection of Commonwealth reserves. It also contains published provisions for Commonwealth Marine Protected Areas operating in Marine Area and also administered by the Governor General of Australia. Authority is responsible for the area from the sea boundary line of the coastal waters of the State and the Northern Territory to outside the exclusive economic zone at 200 nautical miles which is also far from the baselines. headquarters of the territorial sea .

However, areas outside Australia have some legal aspects protect the international agreement and also provide some guidelines on the protection of marine parks. In addition, EPBC Law also has a procedural value that must be complied with before a declaration interferes with a Commonwealth reservation. This procedure also focuses on determining which comments to invite public authorities on proposal and then declaring a reservation to the Commonwealth. Therefore, in addition, the various steps are also included and must be taken into account if the reserve is met according to established guidelines. is also required for entities including a disclosure statement that considers the name of the reserve, the purpose of its claim, the depth of the seabed under any waters that exist within the reserve. and the allocation from the protected area to an IUCN Category.

This notice is essential in separating a protected area into different areas and at the same time, it should also assign the IUCN category to each area as sites. IUCN catalogs generally guarantee the conformity of the specification of aspects of protection of different sectors. For example, the Australian government also focuses on World Conservation Union international base , which also recognizes a set of protected area management categories. In this regard, Commonwealth Marine Protected Areas include protected areas that are related to the IUCN list. In addition, there are various general administrative principles of the Commonwealth Marine Protected Areas which must follow so that conservation aspects can be properly managed. It also requires community involvement to be able to provide broader reach in the context of the community involvement, public organizations and private interests in formulating and conducting all function reserve or area .

It also includes the provision of effective and adaptive management, which is related to the identified biodiversity objectives and also to the socio-economic aspects that define the protected area. This must be consistent with to include to ensure the ability to respond to risks and variations. In addition, different management plans are being developed within the protected area. In addition, the management of must be consistent with all relevant reserve management principles and it also limits certain activities to be carried out within a Commonwealth reserve unless otherwise authorized. regulated by the management plan which emphasizes the protection of reserves in the directors of national parks.

In 2015, recoverable amount is higher than carrying figure so there is no journal entry has been made.

C. Explaining the reasons for impairment

In 2014, carrying amount is $200000, whereas recoverable amount implies for $110000. Hence, carrying amount is higher than recoverable cost which shows the loss of $90000. Carrying cost – recoverable amount $200000 – $110000 = $90000

D. Presenting the amount of plant and equipment in balance sheet

In balance sheet, revaluate amount of plant and equipment is recorded by business entity after doing final reversal.

QUESTION 3

Interpreting the technical requirements and importance of international accounting standards

International Accounting Standard has a high level of materiality, ensures a high level of transparency and standardizes in financial information. Thus, the 4,444 finalization accounts prepared under IFRS are by nature very reliable and thus help 4,444 stakeholders in decision-making (Florou, Kosi and Pope, 2017). However, individuals or accountants need a high level of technical knowledge to deal with aspects of International Accounting Standard such as IAS 12 and 26 etc. Therefore, the accountant must be able to recognize deferred tax assets and liabilities. In addition, there are assets, income received in advance, other liabilities, and unrecognized items; 4,444 consolidated financial statements are the primary tax base (Warren, 2016). By considering all these bases, the accountant can evaluate or determine the amount of tax to be paid. In addition, in IAS 12 there is regulation on the measurement of deferred income tax. Along with that, the tax rate of also changes from year to year. In this case, the accountant must keep himself updated with the changing rules and policies. Through this, the chief financial officer and accountant will be able to determine the appropriate tax payable. Therefore, it clearly presents information on registration, valuation and disclosure of 4,444 pension plans. Therefore, for an effective accounting presentation, 4,444 employees need to be aware of the related rules and regulations (Bond, Govendir & Wells, 2016). Thus, considering all these aspects , it can be said that technical and conceptual knowledge of is highly required to manage standards more effectively and efficiently. In addition, the reporting and measurement aspects of the pension plan are very different from one standard to another (McPhail, Macdonald & Ferguson, 2016). For example, UK GAAP has different rules regarding the treatment of retirement benefits compared to IAS. Therefore, understanding and knowledge of the concept is essential to deal with the retirement benefit amount and the deferred tax amount. There are some key issues related to financial statements listed below:

  • The reporting needs and requirements are covered by Regulations which business entities are required to follow to ensure transparency in Regulations . However, sometimes companies cannot comply with all the rules to a large extent .
  • In addition, a number of government agencies have developed and introduced Law which states that companies are not required to prepare financial statements in accordance with accounting standards. In addition, the treasurer's instructions also sometimes apply the accounting standards companies must follow in preparing financial statements .

References

  • Bond, D., Govendir, B. and Wells, P., 2016. An evaluation of asset impairments by Australian firms and whether they were impacted by AASB 136.Accounting & Finance.
  • Florou, A., Kosi, U. and Pope, P.F., 2017. Are international accounting standards more credit relevant than domestic standards?.Accounting and Business Research.47(1). pp.1-29.
  • McPhail, K., Macdonald, K. and Ferguson, J., 2016. Should the international accounting standards board have responsibility for human rights?.Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal.29(4). pp.594-616.
  • Warren, C. M., 2016. The impact of International Accounting Standards Board (IASB)/International Financial Reporting Standard 16 (IFRS 16).Property Management.34(3).